Online gambling — RTP, fees and caps as a cost of play in New Zealand (2026)

Maximising Value for Your Dollar in NZ Online Gambling

Among the ten NZ-facing gambling sites compared on this page, the operator that gives the most for the money minimises the gap between the total deposited and the cash eventually withdrawn. The difference is shaped by return-to-player rates, fixed transaction fees, withdrawal minimums and the real percentage earned through loyalty rewards. Two brands in the ranking table above combine an average RTP above 96% across their slot catalogue, next-day payouts with no internal levy and cashback programmes that return at least 0.25% of lifetime turnover without restrictive caps. Those factors together lower the cost of a typical two-hour session by roughly NZ$9–14 compared with the most expensive competitor in the same list. Wagering is what decides an offer's real value — our best online casino bonus NZ comparison compares the terms side by side. What is actually in these lobbies is broken down in our live casino rundown.

What a Fixed Deposit Buys at Each Operator

A deposit of NZ$20, NZ$50 or NZ$100 converts into a different amount of playable balance depending on the welcome match rate, the cap and the wagering multiplier attached to the bonus. The table above shows the current windows for the ten listed operators. In general, a NZ$20 first deposit unlocks a 100% match on sites such as Slotsdj, SpinGrande, Betninja, RocketPlay and Royal Panda, while the same amount at SkyCity or JackpotCity may only activate a 50% match. The maximum bonus a NZ$50 deposit can attract ranges from NZ$50 at the lowest end to NZ$200 at Spin Casino and Ruby Fortune, where a 200% or higher introductory rate occasionally applies. The key figure is not the headline match but the playthrough requirement: a 35× (deposit + bonus) obligation on a NZ$50 deposit with a NZ$50 bonus creates a NZ$3,500 turnover hurdle, which eats into any short-term balance before a withdrawal becomes possible. Welcome packages across these operators are compared in the best casino bonus NZ page. The same operators are compared on payout speed in our best online casino payouts comparison.

Fixed-Deposit Value Across Price Points

With NZ$20 the effective playable balance after a 100% match and before meeting wagering is NZ$40, but many jackpot pokies require a minimum spin of NZ$0.50 or more, giving the player roughly 80 spins before the bonus funds are exhausted. At NZ$100 the same match rate and a lower effective playthrough burden per dollar can stretch the session to 400–500 spins, assuming an average stake of NZ$0.40. The cheapest way to evaluate an operator is to compare the total expected loss after meeting wagering with the cashable residual. A site with a 96.5% RTP slot and a 35× playthrough on a NZ$100 deposit plus NZ$100 bonus will theoretically leave the player with around NZ$130 of the original NZ$200 combined balance, while a 94% RTP title can reduce that to below NZ$110, wiping out the bonus value entirely. If the entry cost matters more than the offer size, the minimum deposit $1 get $20 NZ guide ranks the same sites by it. The cost of play is broken down in our online pokies NZ rundown.

What Caps and Game Weightings Do to a Deposit

Many operators impose a NZ$5 maximum bet while a bonus is active and exclude whole categories such as live casino from contributing. Betninja and RocketPlay, for instance, often restrict live casino games to 10% contribution, which means a NZ$10 wager on roulette only counts NZ$1 towards the turnover requirement. A player who mixes slots and table games therefore needs a larger real-money outlay to release the same bonus. The comparison table accounts for weighted contribution percentages, and the worst offenders in the list can more than double the effective playthrough for a hybrid session. The smallest workable deposits are compared in $1 deposit casino NZ. For “what NZ online casino is best for slots?”, see the dedicated page.

RTP, Fees and Caps Combined into the Cost of Play

The return-to-player percentage advertised for a slot is a long-term statistical average, not a per-session guarantee. However, when combined with deposit fees, withdrawal charges and maximum cashout caps, the effective cost of play becomes measurable. A 97% RTP slot at an operator that charges a NZ$3 withdrawal fee and caps a bonus-derived win at NZ$100 effectively delivers a worse net return than a 95.5% RTP game at a site with free payouts and no win ceiling. The table at the top of this page merges those three variables into a single cost-per-NZ$100-played figure for each of the ten brands. How these operators were ranked is set out in our best online casino NZ reviews comparison. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in skycity casino Auckland.

Slot RTP Ranges Across the Listed Operators

Slots from the same provider can display different RTP settings at different casinos, because several studios release titles in multiple configurations. Among the ten operators, the average RTP for popular pokies such as Starburst, Book of Dead and Big Bass Bonanza lies between 94.2% and 96.8%. SkyCity and Jonny Jackpot consistently run the highest configurations, while some unlisted whitelabel sites run versions as low as 91%. The house edge difference between 96.5% and 94.5% may appear small, but over a session of 1,000 spins at NZ$0.50 per spin the expected loss shifts from NZ$15 to NZ$27.50, a difference that easily exceeds a typical deposit fee. What a real-money session actually costs is compared in our online pokies real money NZ comparison. Who runs these sites is covered in our NZ betting sites rundown.

Cashout Caps and Their Hidden Bite

A handful of operators enforce a maximum cashout limit on bonus winnings, often set at 5× the bonus amount. If a NZ$50 bonus generates a NZ$400 win, the surplus above NZ$250 is forfeited. Spin Casino and Royal Panda have historically removed such caps on certain promotions, while others retain them. The presence of a cap turns a high-volatility jackpot hit into a capped event, which alters the real expected value of the game. Players who chase progressive jackpots should cross-check the terms because a capped win on a life-changing prize effectively reduces the RTP contribution of the progressive share. Recently launched sites are assessed separately in best new online casino NZ. The comparison that ranks every site is on the best online casino NZ overview.

Where the Money Leaks: Fees, Minimums and Dormant Accounts

Every dollar that leaves the casino balance without buying a spin is a leak. Common leaks include deposit processing fees, withdrawal handling charges, currency conversion markups and inactive account penalties. Of the ten operators, four charge a fixed NZ$3–5 fee for bank transfers, while e-wallet payouts remain free. The cheapest way out for a player who wants to cash out NZ$40 is to use an e-wallet, but not all brands support the same processors: Skrill and Neteller are widely accepted, while POLi and MuchBetter appear on a subset. The table above notes which withdrawal method carries a zero fee for amounts as low as NZ$10. The cost of play is broken down in the spin city casino guide.

Dormant-Account Terms That Lock Balances

After six to twelve months of inactivity, some operators begin deducting a monthly administration fee of NZ$5–10 until the balance reaches zero or the account is reactivated. Royal Panda and JackpotCity state their dormancy period clearly; other brands bury the clause in paragraph 47 of their terms. A NZ$30 balance left untouched for a year can vanish entirely at operators that charge NZ$5 per month from month seven. The safest practice is to withdraw any residual balance before a planned break and to log in at least once every 180 days even when not playing. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in our skycity online casino rundown.

Currency Conversion and Mid-Range Spreads

When a player deposits in New Zealand dollars but the casino processes the transaction in euros or US dollars, the payment intermediary applies a spread that can cost 2–4% of the deposit value. SkyCity transacts natively in NZD, avoiding that spread, while some offshore-facing brands in the list convert at a rate set by their acquiring bank. Over a year of regular NZ$100 deposits, a 3% conversion leakage bleeds roughly NZ$156 from a player who deposits twice a month. Opening an account that supports NZD as a base currency eliminates this cost line entirely. The same operators are compared from a different angle in the cosmo casino guide.

Loyalty and Cashback as Real Percentages

Most loyalty programmes are expressed in points or tier names, but the only figure that matters to the bottom line is the effective cashback rate on turnover. On the ten NZ gambling sites listed, the real return varies between 0.05% and 0.3% of total wagering, with SpinGrande and Betninja at the upper end and Ruby Fortune and SkyCity at the lower. A player who cycles NZ$5,000 per month through slots will earn between NZ$2.50 and NZ$15 in cashback value, assuming the points are convertible to cash rather than locked behind a further wagering requirement. Sites that offer cashback as withdrawable funds without a turnover obligation deliver the most tangible benefit. Whether a newer operator is worth the risk is covered in our new online casinos NZ rundown.

Converting Points to Dollars Without Hidden Hurdles

The conversion rate from loyalty points to NZD is often omitted from promotional pages. At one operator, 1,000 points equal NZ$1, but the minimum redemption is 5,000 points, which forces the player to accumulate NZ$5 in value before seeing any return. At another, points expire after 90 days of inactivity, effectively punishing casual players. Among our ten operators, JackpotCity credits cashback directly to the cash balance once a threshold is met, while Jonny Jackpot applies a 1× wagering requirement to redeemed points, devaluing the real rate by roughly 30% for an average slot player. Response times and escalation routes are measured in our Bitcoin casinos rundown.

Loyalty Tiers Versus Flat Cashback

Operators that structure loyalty into bronze, silver, gold and platinum levels often reserve the best multipliers for the top 1% of players by volume. A flat cashback rate of 0.2% for every player, as seen at Betninja, is more valuable to a NZ$20-per-week customer than a programme that offers 0.5% only after reaching the platinum tier, which may require NZ$50,000 in monthly turnover. The editorial table accompanying this article weights flat, no-tier programmes slightly higher in the value score precisely because they benefit a wider range of bankrolls. Getting the money back out is a subject of its own — the best online casino NZ fast withdrawal guide covers withdrawal speed and limits.

Break-Even Arithmetic for a Typical Session

A typical online gambling session in New Zealand lasts between 90 and 150 minutes and cycles 300–600 spins, depending on the game speed and stake. If a player deposits NZ$60 and plays a 96% RTP slot with NZ$0.25 spins, the expected theoretical loss is NZ$4.80 over 600 spins. Adding a NZ$2 withdrawal fee raises the cost to NZ$6.80, which pushes the break-even point to an RTP of roughly 98.9%—an RTP no commercial slot offers. The real break-even therefore requires a bonus, a cashback credit or a no-fee withdrawal to offset the house edge. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in our Trustpilot NZ comparison.

Break-Even with a Matched Bonus

If the same NZ$60 deposit attracts a 100% match with a 30× (deposit + bonus) wagering requirement, the playthrough becomes NZ$3,600. At NZ$0.25 per spin, that is 14,400 spins, far beyond a single session. The expected loss against a 96% RTP over that volume is NZ$144, leaving the player with roughly NZ$96 of the original NZ$120 combined balance. The bonus thus yields a net positive expectation only if the player completes the playthrough, and even then the residual is sensitive to the RTP and variance. The table above calculates the median residual for each operator under these conditions. For more context, see our Christchurch casino online pokies comparison.

Short-Session Scenarios Without Bonuses

A player who deposits NZ$30 and declines all bonuses sidesteps wagering but still faces the house edge. Over 200 spins at NZ$0.20, the expected loss on a 96% slot is NZ$1.60. With free instant-banking withdrawals, the player can leave with roughly NZ$28.40 in the median case. At an operator that charges a NZ$3 withdrawal fee and requires a NZ$20 minimum cashout, the same player cannot extract the balance without topping up, effectively trapping micro stakes. The cheapest way out in that scenario is to avoid brands with withdrawal minimums exceeding NZ$20 on e-wallets. Offers that need no deposit at all are compared in king billy casino no deposit bonus.

The Cheapest Way In and the Cheapest Way Out

The lowest-cost entry across the ten operators is a NZ$10 deposit through a POLi or debit card transaction, with no processing surcharge and a minimum deposit that matches the payment provider’s floor. Slotsdj, SpinGrande and RocketPlay all accept NZ$10 deposits, while SkyCity and JackpotCity require NZ$20. The cheapest exit uses an e-wallet such as Skrill, where the pending period runs 0–12 hours and no casino-side fee applies. For a player who deposits NZ$10, wins NZ$35 and wants to cash out, brands that allow a NZ$10 withdrawal and charge zero fees let the player walk away with the full NZ$35; at a brand with a NZ$30 minimum and a NZ$3 fee, the same player must either forfeit the balance or keep playing until it exceeds the threshold. A separate page, online slots NZ, goes into this in detail.

Payment Methods That Skip Conversion Fees

POLi and local bank transfers processed in NZD avoid the 2–3% spread that international card processors impose. Some operators, however, route even POLi through an offshore acquirer, converting the funds to USD before settlement. The table at the top identifies the operators that settle natively in NZD, which systematically reduces the cost of a deposit by roughly NZ$2 for every NZ$100 loaded. For a player who funds the account weekly, that small item saves over NZ$100 per year. The related figures are collected in casumo casino.

Minimum Withdrawals and Micro-Balance Traps

When a player wants to leave the table with a small win, the withdrawal floor matters as much as the fee. Sites that set a NZ$20 minimum on e-wallets allow a NZ$22 balance to be cashed out entirely, while a NZ$50 minimum with a NZ$5 fee effectively confiscates the balance of a casual player who wins NZ$30. The worst offenders require a scan of the terms page. Among our ten, only two impose a minimum above NZ$30 on all methods, a detail that affects the occasional Saturday-afternoon player more than a high roller. Deposit limits decide what the withdrawal minimums mean in practice: the 5 dollar deposit casino page.

How Withdrawal Speed Alters the Cost Equation

Speed by itself does not create a cost, but a slow payout that takes five business days leaves the funds in the casino’s hands, where reverse-withdrawal features can tempt the player to cancel the request and gamble the balance. Operators that process e-wallet withdrawals within 0–4 hours, such as Betninja and RocketPlay, eliminate that window almost entirely. The same-day turnaround also allows a player to recycle winnings into a different operator without a lag, a factor that matters when comparing the real value of a fast-payout brand against a slower competitor with a slightly higher RTP. This is picked up again in the wildz casino page.

Reverse-Withdrawal Windows and Their Risk

Several operators hold a withdrawal request in a pending state for 24–72 hours, during which the player can click “reverse” and return the funds to the gaming wallet. While intended as a convenience, this feature statistically increases the house’s hold. The table above notes the pending reversal window for each brand. A short window under 2 hours reduces the behavioural cost, while a 48-hour window effectively retains the balance for an entire weekend, raising the chance that a player logs back in and loses the withdrawn amount. For the neighbouring question, see the royal Vegas guide.

The Role of Game Volatility in Stretching Your Bankroll

Volatility describes the short-term variance around the RTP. A low-volatility slot with a 96% RTP can produce a session where the balance oscillates within 20% of the starting point for 300 spins, while a high-volatility title with the same RTP may drain the bankroll in 50 spins or triple it in one bonus round. The choice of volatility directly affects how far a fixed deposit goes. A player who deposits NZ$30 and wants to play for two hours should favour low- or medium-volatility games with a minimum bet of NZ$0.10, while a player chasing a jackpot must accept that the balance may reach zero before the bonus triggers. There is more on this in our top online casinos NZ rundown.

Volatility Ratings and Bankroll Lifespan

Most providers mark volatility on a scale from 1 to 10 or as low, medium or high. A medium-volatility slot (5–7 on the scale) played at NZ$0.20 per spin with a NZ$50 bankroll usually survives 400–600 spins before the balance hits zero in a worst-case 95th percentile scenario. High-volatility slots (8–10) can exhaust the same bankroll in 150 spins without hitting a feature. The table at the top of the page assumes medium volatility for its cost calculations, but players who always choose high-volatility pokies should mentally add a 15% buffer to the expected loss to account for the dry spells. For what is available before funding an account, see no deposit bonus casino.

Feature-Buy Mechanics and the True Cost per Feature

Many modern pokies allow a player to buy straight into the free spins feature for a multiple of the base bet, typically 50× to 100×. At NZ$0.20 per spin, a 100× bonus buy costs NZ$20 upfront. If the feature returns an average of 70× the bet, the expected loss per buy is NZ$6, equivalent to 30 dead spins. While bonus buys accelerate the experience, they concentrate the house edge into a single click, which can erode a NZ$50 balance in two or three buys if the outcomes run below average. The cost of play is broken down in the play free pokies guide.

Certified Operators and What That Means for Payout Trust

All ten operators on this page hold a certification from an established regulatory body or an accredited testing laboratory that verifies RNG integrity and RTP settings. While this page does not provide a safe online casino NZ guide, the presence of a current certificate from eCOGRA, iTech Labs or a comparable auditor adds a layer of assurance that the theoretical RTP matches the real game behaviour. An uncertified site can run identical-looking NetEnt or Pragmatic Play slots at altered RTP settings without the player ever noticing. The certification seal also requires regular payout reports, which the best online casino payouts brands publish monthly.

RTP Audit Reports and Where to Find Them

Audited payout reports are sometimes buried in the footer under “Fair Play” or “Game Payouts.” JackpotCity and Spin Casino post monthly summaries that aggregate slot RTP across all titles, typically landing between 95% and 97%. The absence of such a report does not mean the games are unfair, but when two otherwise similar gambling sites nz offer the same slots, the one with published audit data reduces the uncertainty cost, a factor weighted into the ranking above.

Bonus Terms That Eat into Returns

Even a generous 200% match becomes a net loss if the wagering multiplier exceeds 50× combined with a 72-hour expiry window. A NZ$20 deposit that attracts a NZ$40 bonus with a 50× turnover requires NZ$3,000 in total bets. If the average bet per spin is NZ$0.30, the player must complete 10,000 spins in three days, an intensity that pushes many towards faster, higher-volatility titles and larger losses. The table above lists the standard wagering multiplier for each brand’s welcome offer, and the cost-of-play model penalises anything above 40×. Response times and escalation routes are measured in the spinz page.

Game Contributions and Forbidden Categories

Most brands count slot wagers at 100%, table games at 5–20% and video poker at 0–5%. A player who uses bonus funds on roulette at a 10% contribution rate needs a NZ$30,000 turnover to clear a NZ$3,000 playthrough, effectively making the bonus impossible to release before expiry. The ranking table assumes 100% slot contribution, so players who prefer casino games outside the pokies category must mentally double or triple the effective playthrough cost.

Progressive Jackpots and Their Hidden Costs

Progressive jackpot slots divert a portion of each bet into the pooled prize, reducing the base-game RTP by 2–4%. A Mega Moolah-style title may advertise a base RTP of 88% because the jackpot contribution sits outside the normal return. A player chasing the jackpot on a NZ$0.25 spin is effectively paying a NZ$0.03 per spin levy for the chance at the top prize. Over 1,000 spins, that levy totals NZ$30, a fixed cost that rarely translates into a jackpot hit. The ranking table only considers non-progressive slots for cost modelling, but a dedicated chapter on jackpots is part of the broader best online casino NZ real money coverage.

When the Jackpot Must Be Won and Its Effect on Expected Value

Some jackpots come with a “must-be-won-by” trigger that guarantees the prize before a certain threshold. As the jackpot climbs close to that ceiling, the expected value of a spin can rise above 100% momentarily, a phenomenon that disciplined advantage players track. However, the practical barrier for a casual player is that the qualifying bet often sits at a minimum of NZ$0.25–0.50 per spin, and the window of positive expectation may last only a few hours. Our what NZ online casino is best for high rollers? analysis covers the bankroll required to exploit such windows effectively.

How Currency Conversion and Payment Methods Add Friction

Every time a deposit travels through an intermediary that converts NZD to USD, EUR or GBP, the exchange rate includes a spread of 0.5–3% depending on the processor. A NZ$200 deposit that loses 2.5% in conversion arrives as NZ$195 in the gaming wallet. The same amount withdrawn back to the same card may incur another conversion, doubling the hit. The ten operators accept a mix of local and international methods. POLi deposits consistently avoid the first conversion, and e-wallets that maintain an NZD balance prevent the second. The cost of play is broken down in the online poker page.

E-Wallet Currencies and Account Settings

Skrill and Neteller allow customers to open a sub-wallet in New Zealand dollars. When both the casino account and the e-wallet are set to NZD, the entire deposit-withdrawal loop bypasses forex costs. Not all cashiers default to NZD; some assign USD or EUR based on the IP address. Players are advised to check the currency label in the cashier before confirming the first transaction. The comparison table flags operators where the default currency can differ from NZD even when the site presents in English and quotes prices in dollars. Offers that need no deposit at all are compared in the best online casino NZ free spins no deposit page.

Session Budgeting with Fixed Costs in Mind

Building a session budget around a single deposit without accounting for fees, wagering drag and withdrawal thresholds creates a false picture of affordability. A player who sets aside NZ$50 for an evening of slots should subtract the effective cost of play to arrive at a realistic entertainment expense. If the operator charges a NZ$2 withdrawal fee, carries a 96% RTP average and requires a 35× turnover on any bonus, the expected cost of a two-hour session on NZ$0.20 spins is roughly NZ$12–16, not simply the initial deposit. That cost must be compared with a night at the cinema or a restaurant meal, framing online gambling as a paid leisure activity. What happens when something goes wrong is covered in wheelz casino.

Setting Loss Limits Before a Session

Many operators provide deposit, loss and wager limits directly in the account dashboard. Setting a session loss limit of NZ$20 on a NZ$50 deposit creates a hard stop that prevents the player from chasing. The effective cost of play then becomes NZ$20 plus any fees already incurred, and the remaining balance stays locked until the next period. This tool is especially useful on sites where the best mobile online casino NZ experience encourages quick deposits, because the friction of changing the limit later deters impulse top-ups.

Why the Cheapest Site Isn’t Always the Best Value

A brand with zero fees and 94% RTP slots leaves the player with a larger expected loss than a brand that charges a NZ$2 withdrawal fee but runs 97% RTP titles. Value emerges from the combination of RTP, fee schedule and speed, not from any single line item. The ranking above weights RTP at 50%, fees at 25%, withdrawal speed at 15% and loyalty returns at 10% to produce the cost-of-play score. Two of the lowest-fee brands fall to mid-table because their slot RTP averages sit 1.2 percentage points lower than the leader. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in the leovegas NZ guide.

Reconciling RTP Gaps with Fee Savings

Suppose Operator A offers 97% RTP with a NZ$3 withdrawal fee, while Operator B runs 95.5% RTP with free withdrawals. Over 500 spins at NZ$0.25, the expected loss is NZ$3.75 at A and NZ$5.62 at B, before the fee. After the NZ$3 fee, A’s total cost is NZ$6.75, marginally worse than B’s NZ$5.62. The breakeven point occurs when the RTP gap exceeds 1.5 percentage points for a small session. The player’s volume and typical withdrawal amount determine which site wins in net terms, and the table above calculates the crossover for NZ$30, NZ$60 and NZ$100 deposits. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in the jackpot city NZ page.

Comparing 10 NZ-Facing Online Gambling Sites on Total Cost

The ten operators – Slotsdj, SpinGrande, Betninja, RocketPlay, SkyCity, JackpotCity, Spin Casino, Ruby Fortune, Jonny Jackpot and Royal Panda – each carry a distinct cost profile. The ranked table at the top of this page assigns a total cost per NZ$100 cycled, factoring in the average RTP from the most-played 20 pokies, the standard withdrawal fee for an e-wallet cashout, and the loyalty cashback rate redeemable as cash. The leader achieves a cost of NZ$3.10 per NZ$100 played, while the most expensive site exceeds NZ$5.80, nearly double. The cost of play is broken down in the galactic wins casino page.

Cost Rankings for Small, Medium and Large Bankrolls

For a NZ$30 monthly player, the site with the lowest withdrawal minimum and zero fees on small amounts wins; for a NZ$500 monthly player, the loyalty rate and RTP dominate. The editorial table splits the ranking into three bankroll bands and re-orders the operators accordingly. In the sub-NZ$50 band, Slotsdj and RocketPlay lead; in the NZ$50–200 band, Betninja and SpinGrande pull ahead; and in the NZ$200+ range, SkyCity and JackpotCity recover ground due to enhanced VIP cashback rates. This segmentation reflects the reality that the cheapest operator depends on how much and how often the player deposits. What a fixed deposit buys at each operator is compared in PayPal casino NZ.

Final Word on Getting the Most for Your Money

The operator that gives the most for every dollar in New Zealand is the one that leaves the smallest gap between the theoretical return and the cash that eventually reaches the player’s bank account. Among the ten examined, the leaders combine an RTP above 96.5%, same-day e-wallet payouts with no casino fee, and a cashback programme that returns at least 0.2% of turnover in withdrawable form. A player who chooses a brand near the top of the ranking and sticks to low-volatility slots can expect to lose roughly NZ$9–12 per hour on NZ$0.20 spins, a figure that falls within the cost of comparable entertainment. Before depositing, check the individual terms for the available bonus, review the withdrawal minimums, and confirm that the casino games you plan to play contribute fully to any playthrough obligation. For players interested in broader options, the best online casino NZ real money comparison covers table limits and live dealer quality, and the what NZ online casino is best for slots? page dives deeper into the pokies catalogue. For those seeking alternatives to slot-focused wagering, the NZ betting sites guide and online poker analysis expand the picture beyond pure casino gaming. The numbers on this page are editorial estimates based on publicly available RTP figures, published fee schedules and standard wagering terms; they are not derived from testing or measurement. Actual results will vary with game choice, variance and session behaviour, and all forms of online gambling involve a risk of loss that no strategy can eliminate.